Remediating CSV Injection Attacks In ColdFusion

component
	output = false
	hint = "I provide helper methods for SAFELY serializing Array data as CSV content."
	{

	// These are used internally, but can also be used externally as well in order to make
	// the calling code more obvious (seeing names is easier than seeing ASCII numbers).
	this.chars = {
		COMMA: ",",
		TAB: chr( 9 ),
		NEWLINE: chr( 10 ),
		CARRIAGE_RETURN: chr( 13 ),
		QUOTES: """",
		ESCAPED_QUOTES: """"""
	};

	/**
	* I initialize the CSV serializer with the given defaults.
	*/
	public void function init(
		string fieldDelimiter = this.chars.COMMA,
		string rowDelimiter = this.chars.NEWLINE,
		string encoding = "utf-8"
		) {

		variables.defaultFieldDelimiter = fieldDelimiter;
		variables.defaultRowDelimiter = rowDelimiter;
		variables.defaultEncoding = encoding;

	}

	// ---
	// PUBLIC METHODS.
	// ---

	/**
	* I serialize the given array data as a CSV string payload.
	*/
	public string function serializeArray(
		required array rows,
		string fieldDelimiter = defaultFieldDelimiter,
		string rowDelimiter = defaultRowDelimiter
		) {

		var csvData = rows
			.map(
				( row ) => {

					return( this.serializeArrayRow( row, fieldDelimiter ) );

				}
			)
			.toList( rowDelimiter )
		;

		return( csvData );

	}


	/**
	* I serialize the given array data as a CSV binary payload.
	* 
	* NOTE: This method is provided for convenience - when I generate CSV content, I am
	* ALMOST ALWAYS then streaming the content back to the client using CFContent, which
	* accepts a binary `variable` attribute.
	*/
	public string function serializeArrayAsBinary(
		required array rows,
		string fieldDelimiter = defaultFieldDelimiter,
		string rowDelimiter = defaultRowDelimiter,
		string encoding = defaultEncoding
		) {

		return(
			charsetDecode(
				serializeArray( rows, fieldDelimiter, rowDelimiter ),
				encoding
			)
		);

	}

	// ---
	// PRIVATE METHODS.
	// ---

	/**
	* I return a value in which any KNOWN potential CSV injection vector has been escaped.
	* 
	* CAUTION MODIFIES DATA OUTPUT: This works by checking the first character in the
	* field; and, if it is a potentially dangerous character, it prepends the field value
	* with a single-quote. Some spreadsheet programs will hide this single-quote; others
	* will render it. As such, it may appear to the end user that we've altered their data
	* (which we have). Unfortunately, there's no way around this.
	*/
	private string function escapeCsvInjection( required string field ) {

		switch ( field.left( 1 ) ) {
			// These characters are mentioned on the OWASP website.
			// --
			// https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/CSV_Injection
			case "=":
			case "+":
			case "-":
			case "@":
			case this.chars.TAB:
			case this.chars.CARRIAGE_RETURN:
			// The pipe character was mentioned in our PenTest results, not on OWASP.
			case "|":

				return( "'" & field );

			break;
			default:

				return( field );

			break;
		}

	}


	/**
	* I return a field value that is quoted and in which embedded special characters have
	* been escaped.
	*/
	private string function escapeField( required string field ) {

		return(
			this.chars.QUOTES &
			field.replace( this.chars.QUOTES, this.chars.ESCAPED_QUOTES, "all" ) &
			this.chars.QUOTES
		);

	}


	/**
	* I serialize the given row, both QUOTING and ESCAPING the content of each field.
	*/
	private string function serializeArrayRow(
		required array row,
		required string fieldDelimiter
		) {

		var csvData = row
			.map(
				( field ) => {

					// NOTE: Calling the toString() method to cast each field to a string
					// in case we are dealing with non-string simple values. This allows
					// us to call member-methods in all of the subsequent invocations.
					var escapedValue = toString( field );
					escapedValue = escapeCsvInjection( escapedValue );
					escapedValue = escapeField( escapedValue );

					return( escapedValue );

				}
			)
			.toList( fieldDelimiter )
		;

		return( csvData );

	}

}

<cfscript>

	serializer = new CsvSerializer();

	rows = [
		[ "ID", "NAME", "EMAIL" ],
		[ 1, "Sarah ""Stubs"" Smith", "sarah.smith@example.com" ],
		[ 2, "John Johnson", "jon.johnson@example.com" ],
		[ 3, "=(3+5)", "#chr( 9 )#dr.evil@example.com" ], // <== CAUTION: Malicious data!
		[ 4, "Jo Jamila", "jo.jamila@example.com" ]
	];

	header
		name = "content-disposition"
		value = getContentDisposition( "user-data.csv" )
	;
	content
		type = "text/csv; charset=utf-8"
		variable = serializer.serializeArrayAsBinary( rows )
	;

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //

	/**
	* I get the content-disposition header value for the given filename.
	*/
	private string function getContentDisposition(
		required string filename,
		string disposition = "attachment"
		) {

		var encodedFilename = encodeForUrl( filename );

		return( "#disposition#; filename=""#encodedFilename#""; filename*=UTF-8''#encodedFilename#" );

	}

</cfscript>